	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I
1	Updated December 2025
2	Wildfire Effect/ Challenge	Agency/ Organization	Program(s)	Examples of recovery activies covered	Activation Requirements	Key Considerations	Payment Information	Timeline	More Information on Eligibility, Administration, Etc.

3	Damage to Agricultural Land	USDA FSA	Emergency Conservation Program (ECP)	- Debris removal - Fence repair/restoration - Land grading and leveling - Restoring conservation structures (e.g. terraces, waterways)	A presidential declaration is not required, but FSA guidance deems land ineligble if it is “subject to frequent damage or susceptible to severe damage”. Initiation and approval of using ECP is ultimatley up to local FSA County Committees.	ECP can only be used to restore land and property back to its original state, it cannot be used for making improvements beyond what already existed. Generally, the program is meant for larger projects/disasters and requires a lot of paperwork and various other steps, so if an individual/entity can afford to fix something on their own, or is eligible for others programs, that may be recommended. Producers cannot start any work before the environmental resource review is complete. This includes removing debris, repairing fences, and staging materials.	Cost-share assistance is avilable up to 75% of the cost of approved practices. Limited resource producers may be eligible for up to 90% cost-share. Each individual or legal entity is limited to $500,000 per disaster. Advanced payment of up to 25% of the expected cost-share is available.	Applications are accepted following a natural disaster event. Producers should apply as soon as possible after the disaster occurs to ensure timely assistance.	ECP Factsheet
4		USDA NRCS	Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)	- Erosion abatement - Invasives control - Water quality - Streambed restoration	EQIP is not technically a disaster recovery program, but can be used for recovery in the case of a natural disaster. No presidential declaration is required.	Producers interested in using EQIP to help recover from wildfire should visit their local NRCS office.	EQIP is a cost-share program. Payment rates for conservation practices are reviewed and set each fiscal year.	Applications are accepted year-round.	EQIP Factsheet (Updated 2025) NRCS Disaster Recovery Factsheet
5		SCC	Disaster Assistance Program (DAP) CURRENTLY NOT FUNDED BY WA STATE AS OF 2025	- Fence repair - Damaged equipment replacement - Debris removal - Compensation for crop losses	Activated by SCC for disasters that impact more than 30,000 acres or 20 farmers/ranchers resulting in losses above $100,000. Requests for activation are typically made by conservation districts on behalf of farmers and ranchers in their service area.	Expenses submitted to other federal disaster relief programs are not eligible for reimbursement under DAP.	Partial (usually, 75%) reimbursement for recovery actions. There is a $50,000 limit per landowner each fiscal year.	Application deadlines are dependent on the disaster.	DAP Guidelines
6	Livestock	USDA FSA	Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP)	- Compensation for grazing losses and feed replacement	LFP is available when a fire occurs on federally managed rangeland that results in the prohibition of grazing or grazing losses.	Livestock owners need to submit verifiable documentation of grazing losses. Reminder: LFP only covers losses associated with fires that occur on federally managed rangeland, see ELAP for fires that occur on non-federally managed rangeland. An individual or entity is ineligible for payment under LFP if the average adjusted gross income of the individual or entity exceeds $900,000.	FSA pays 60% of set rates for different types of livestock based on the monthly cost of feed. Current rates can be found on the Factsheet	Applications must be submitted by March 1 following the calendar year in which the grazing loss occurred.	LFP Factsheet LFP Eligibility Dashboard LFP Application
7			Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP)	- Compensation for animal mortality - Compensation for livestock sold at a reduced price	LIP is avilable when livestock mortality occurs at a higher rate than expected due to an adverse weather event. Eligible adverse weather event means extreme or abnormal damaging weather that is not expected to occur during the loss period for which it occurred, which directly results in eligible livestock losses.	Applicants must provide verifiable documentation of livestock deaths and the circumstances causing the losses. This may include veterinary records, purchase records, and other supporting documents. Evidence must show that the livestock mortality was due directly to the disaster circumstance. An individual or entity is ineligible for payment under LIP if the average adjusted gross income of the individual or entity exceeds $900,000.	Payments are calculated based on 75% of the fair market value of the livestock (as determined by the USDA Secretary of Agriculture) on the day before the death occurred. Specific rates are set for different categories of livestock.	Applications must be submitted by March 1 following the calendar year in which the grazing loss occurred.	LIP Factsheet LIP Decision Tool LIP Resources
8			Emergency Livestock Assistance Program (ELAP)	- Compensation for grazing and feed losses	In the occurance of an extreme or abnormal wildfire that results in agricultural losses not covered by other USDA prrograms, the FSA County Committees can approve the use of ELAP.	Rangeland, feed, and grazing losses must have occured on non-federally managed rangeland. For losses on federal land, see LFP. For grazing losses, the number of days grazing lost due to the wildfire is not to exceed 180 calendar days. An individual or entity is ineligible for payment under ELAP if the average adjusted gross income of the individual or entity exceeds $900,000.	Payment rates for grazing and feed losses are calculated based on several factors specific to each producer. For more detailed information, see the ELAP Livestock Disaster Assistance Factsheet	The deadline for filing Notice of Loss and Payment Requests is March 1st after the program year (Jan. 1- Dec. 31) in which the loss occured.	ELAP Livestock Disaster Assistance Factsheet ELAP Program Factsheet
9		USDA NRCS	Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)	- Emergency livestock mortaility management - Restoring livestock infrastructure necessary for grazing management	EQIP is not technically a disaster recovery program, but can be used for recovery in the case of a natural disaster. No presidential declaration is required.	Producers interested in using EQIP to help recover from wildfire should visit their local NRCS office.	EQIP is a cost-share program. Payment rates for conservation practices are reviewed and set each fiscal year.	Applications are accepted year-round.	EQIP Factsheet (Updated 2025) NRCS Disaster Recovery Factsheet
10		SCC	Disaster Assistance Program (DAP) CURRENTLY NOT FUNDED BY WA STATE AS OF 2025	- Replacing ruined feed and hay	Activated by SCC for disasters that impact more than 30,000 acres or 20 farmers/ranchers resulting in losses above $100,000. Requests for activation are typically made by conservation districts on behalf of farmers and ranchers in their service area.	Expenses submitted to other federal disaster relief programs are not eligible for reimbursement under DAP.	Partial (usually, 75%) reimbursement for recovery actions. There is a $50,000 limit per landowner each fiscal year.	Application deadlines are dependent on the disaster.	DAP Guidelines
11	Damage to Forest Land	USDA FSA	Emergency Forest Restoration Program (EFRP)	- Debris removal - Tree planting - Restoring roads and stream crossings - Erosion control - Disaster impact mitigation - Other restoration practices - Fencing - Wildlife habitat restoration	Damage from a wildfire must significantly impair the land’s productivity or pose a threat to forest health. EFRP is activated by the USDA on a county-by-county basis.	For non-industrial private forest (NIPF) lands (defined as is at least 120 feet wide, one acre in size, and at least 10% covered by live trees of any size. Landowners cannot start any work before the environmental resource review is complete. This includes removing debris, repairing fences, and staging materials.	EFRP provides cost-share assistance of up to 75% of the cost of approved conservation practices. Limited to $500,000 per person or legal entity	Applications are taken on a first-come, first-serve basis. For specific deadlines, landowners should visit their local FSA office.	EFRP Factsheet
12	Damage to Forest Land	USDA NRCS	Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)	- Erosion abatement - Chipping - Seeding - Slash disposal	EQIP is not technically a disaster recovery program, but can be used for recovery in the case of a natural disaster. No presidential declaration is required.	Forest landowners will need a Forest Management Plan in order for NRCS to work on the land, but local NRCS offices can assist landowners in creating one if needed.	EQIP is a cost-share program. Payment rates for conservation practices are reviewed and set each fiscal year.	Applications are accepted year-round.	EQIP Factsheet NRCS Disaster Recovery Factsheet
13	Watershed Impairment	USDA NRCS	Emergency Watershed Program (EWP)	- Debris removal from streams, roads culverts, and bridges - Protect eroded streambanks - Repair drainage facilities - Erosion abatement - Repair levees	EWP does not require a disaster declaration by federal or state government officials for program assistance to begin. The NRCS State Conservationist can declare a local watershed emergency and initiate EWP program assistance in cooperation with an eligible sponsor.	Funds must be used within 18 months Funding is aquired through a sponsor (city, tribe, conservation district, etc.), then it is delieverd to individuals Funding cannot be used retroactively for activities completed prior to a cooperative agreement being signed between the sponsor and NRCS. For further protect requirements and eligibility, visit the EWP Webpage	NRCS will cover 75% of costs of eligible projects.	Sponsors must submit a formal request for assistance within 60 days of the disaster occurrence, or 60 days from the date when access to the sites becomes available.	EWP Factsheet EWP Resources for Sponsors
14	Damage to Residence and Belongings	FEMA	Individuals and Households Program (IHP)	- temporary housing - home repair or replacement - hazard mitigation	Only activated with a presidential declaration.	IHP assistance is not a substitute for insurance and cannot compensate for all losses caused by a disaster. The assistance is intended to meet your basic needs and supplement disaster recovery efforts, speficially those un-insured or underinsured. For more detailed information on available resources and eligibility visit the FEMA website.	Funds are sent directly to survivors. Most funds are not subject to a financial maximum that changes each year, except for: Home Repair or Replacement Assistance and Other Needs Assistance	Deadlines for applications change depending on the disaster. You should apply online as soon as you can.	IHP Factsheet Recovery Process Information Program and Policy Guide (Effective July 2025)
15		SBA	Physical Damage Loans (Home and Personal Property)	- home repair - personal property replacement	A presidential or an agency declaration will activate SBA funds. Those applying must be within the declared disaster area (search your property)	Collateral will be required for loans over a certain amount. Secondary or vacation homes are not eligible, however, qualified rental properties may be eligable under a business physical damage loan.	Homeowners may borrow up to $500,000 for repairs to their primary residence. Renters and homeowners may borrow up to $100,000 to repair or replace personal property.	Deadlines for applications change depending on the disaster. You should apply online as soon as you can.	Home and personal property loans webpage
16		USDA Rural Development	Single Family Housing Rural Disaster Home Repair Grants	- disaster related home repairs - site preparation - cost of transferring a manufactured home	A presidential disaster declaration	Properties must be in an eligble rural area and occupied by the owner (may get occupancy after repair authorized) of very-low to low-income status. Must certify there are no duplication of benefits with other awards or grants and that insurance does not fully cover repair.	Maximum grant of $15,000	Applications are available year-round as long as funding is available and are processed in the order they are recieved. Conact your local Rural Development office and be prepared to provide the materials outlined here.	USDA Property and Income Eligibility Informational Video Factsheet
17	Economic Loss	SBA	Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL)	- business expense coverage (e.g. health care benefits, rent, ultilies, etc.)	A presidential or an agency declaration will activate SBA funds. Those applying must be within the declared disaster area (search your property)	EIDL assistance is available only to small businesses when SBA determines they are unable to obtain credit elsewhere. Collateral will be required for loans over a certain amount.	Maximum loan amount is $2 million when combined with a business physical damage loan	Deadlines for applications change depending on the disaster. You should apply online as soon as you can.	EIDL Information
18		SBA	Physical Damage Loans (Business)	- loans for businesses of any size and most private nonprofits to repair a business damaged in a disaster - includes repair of: machinery, equipment, real property, inventory, and more	A presidential or an agency declaration will activate SBA funds. Those applying must be within the declared disaster area (search your property)	Covers disaster losses not fully covered by insurance or other sources. Collateral will be required for loans over a certain amount.	Maximum loan amount is $2 million when combined with a EIDL	Deadlines for applications change depending on the disaster. You should apply online as soon as you can.	Business physical disaster loan webpage
19		FSA	Emergency Farm Loans	- restore or replace essential property - cover production costs - pay essential family living expenses - refinance debts	A presidential declaration or a declaration by the Secretary of Agriculture makes emergency loans available to producers in the designated county and all contiguous counties. A declaration by an FSA Administrator makes emergency loans available for only physical losses.	Applicants must demonstrate an inability to obtain sufficient credit from other sources to cover their disaster-related needs. Emergency loan interest rates are set by the FSA and are typically lower than conventional loan rates. Repayment terms vary according to the loan purpose and the applicant's ability to repay. All emergency loans must be fully collateralized.	The maximum loan amount is up to 100% of actual production or physical losses, with a cap of $500,000.	Applications must be submitted within eight months after the disaster designation date.	Emergency Loan Factsheet Current Loan Interest Rates
20	Public and Community Infrastructure	FEMA	Public Assistance	EMERGENCY (completed within 6 months): - Debris Removal - Emergency Protective Measures PERMANENT (completed within 18 months): - roads and briges - public utilities - public buildings - water control facilities	Only activated with a presidential declaration.	An applicant must be a state, territory, tribe, local government or private nonprofit organization. Work categorized as Emergency must be completed within 6 months. Work categorized as Permanent must be completed within 18 motnhs.	The federal share of assistance is 75%	After a disaster is declared, applications can be submitted on FEMA's Grant Portal. Deadlines depend on the disaster.	Public Assistance Information Program and Policy Guide (Effective January 2025) FEMA PA Youtube Channel
21		FEMA	Community Disaster Loans	- funding to operate essential community services such as: revenue collection, police and fire response, trash collection, and utilities maintenance	Only activated with a presidential declaration.	An applicant must be a state, territory, tribe, local government or private nonprofit organization that experienced a revenue loss greater than or equal to 5% or will have a sustained revenue loss that affects the current or next fiscal year.	The loan amount will not exceed 25% of your local government’s annual operating budget for the fiscal year. The maximum amount is $5,000,000.	There is a Loan Open Applicated Period depending on the disaster occurance that the application must be completed within (between end of declaration period and the end of the local government's next fiscal year). Standard loan is for 5 years.	Community Disaster Loan Factsheet Community Disaster Loan Program Checklist
22		USDA Rural Development	Emergency Community Water Assistance Grant (ECWAG)	- construction of a water source, intake, or treatment facility - construction, repair, and maintenance of water distribution and storage systems, including: water tanks and water lines	An emergency threatens the availability of safe, reliable drinking water - a federal disaster declaration is not required	An applicant must be a state, federally recognized tribe, local government, or private nonprofit organization representing an rural area or town with populations of 10,000 or less (including Tribal Lands and colonias). The area must have a median household income less than the state’s median household income for non-metropolitan areas.	The maximum amount for water resource grants is $1 million. The maximum amount for water distribution grants is $150,000.	Applications are accepted year round. It is recommended you reach out to your state office before filing an applicaiton.	Emergency Community Water Assistance Grants Factsheet
23	Crop Damage	USDA RMA	Crop Insurance - Emergency Relief	- coverage of crop losses for federal Crop Insurance policyholders	Any time you have crop damage as a result of a natural disaster that will adversely affect your yield or crop value, you may be eligible to file a claim (for federal crop insurance policyholders only)	Do not destory crops before a representative inspects the damage	Claim payments will depend on damages	- report loss within 72 hours of damage discovery to your crop insurance agent - follow up in writing within 15 days	Natural Disasters and Crop Insurance Fact Sheet
24		USDA FSA	Tree Assistance Program (TAP)	- financial assistance to orchardists and nursery tree growers for replanting or rehabilitating commerical trees	15% mortality loss (after normal mortality) due to a natural disaster	Loss must not have been preventable through reasonable and available measures. Loss must be visible and obvious to FSA representative OR have evidence of the loss or natural disaster. The cumulative total amount of acres planted to which a grower can recieve TAP payments can not exceed 1,000 acres annually. An individual or entity is ineligible for payment under TAP if the average adjusted gross income of the individual or entity exceeds $900,000.	The lesser of: - 65% cost of replanting or 50% cost of rehabilitation (with higher rates for beginner or veteran farmers) - the maximum eligable amount for the practice established by the FSA	Submit application for payment within 90 calendar days of the disaster event or when the loss became apparent	TAP Factsheet
25		USDA FSA	Noninsured Disaster Assistance Program (NAP)	- financial support to producers of non-insurable crops to protect against natural disasters that result in: lower yields, destroyed crops, or the inability to plant.	Must hold NAP coverage prior to the natural disaster and the damage must occur prior to or during harvest.	Eligible crops include those for which federal crop insurance is not available. An individual or entity is ineligible for payment under NAP if the average adjusted gross income of the individual or entity exceeds $900,000.	Catastrophic Coverage (CAT): Provides coverage at 50% of the approved yield and 55% of the average market price. Buy-Up Coverage: Offers higher levels of coverage, up to 65% of the approved yield and 100% of the average market price.	Notify local FSA office of damage and apply for payment within 15 days of the earlier occurance: - A natural disaster occurrence; - The final planting date if planting is prevented by a natural disaster; - The date that damage to the crop or loss of production becomes apparent - The normal harvest date. Producers of hand-harvested crops and certain perishable crops must notify FSA within 72 hours of when a loss becomes apparent.	Apply for NAP coverage at your local FSA office NAP Factsheet
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